VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-10 (HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:579

नद्य्-अद्रि-वन-दुर्गेषु यत्र यत्र भयं नृप ।
तत्र तत्र च सेनानीर् यायाद् व्यूहीकृतैर् बलैः ॥ ७१ ॥

nady-adri-vana-durgeṣu yatra yatra bhayaṃ nṛpa |
tatra tatra ca senānīr yāyād vyūhīkṛtair balaiḥ || 3.71 ||

Among rivers, mountains, forests, and forts, and where ever there is danger, oh! King, there the general should march with his army in battle array.

बलाध्यक्षः पुरो यायात् प्रवीर-पुरुषान्वितः ।
मध्ये कलत्रं स्वामी च कोशः फल्गु च यद् बलम् ॥ ७२ ॥

balādhyakṣaḥ puro yāyāt pravīra-puruṣānvitaḥ |
madhye kalatraṃ svāmī ca kośaḥ phalgu ca yad balam || 3.72 ||

The commander should march in the front, in the middle the women, the king, the treasure, and the remaining forces at the end.

(फल्गु-weak, unimportant )

पार्श्वयोर् उभयोर् अश्वा अश्वानां पार्श्वतो रथाः ।
रथानां पार्श्वतो नागा नागानां च पदातयः ॥ ७३ ॥

pārśvayor ubhayor aśvā aśvānāṃ pārśvato rathāḥ |
rathānāṃ pārśvato nāgā nāgānāṃ ca padātayaḥ || 3.73 ||

On both flanks the horse; on the flanks of horse chariots; on the flanks of chariots elephants; and on the flanks of elephants foot-soldiers.

पश्चात् सेनापतिर् यायात् खिन्नानाश्वासयन् छनैः ।
मन्त्रिभिः सुभटैर् युक्तः प्रतिगृह्य बलं नृपः ॥ ७४ ॥

paścāt senāpatir yāyāt khinnānāśvāsayan chanaiḥ |
mantribhiḥ subhaṭair yuktaḥ pratigṛhya balaṃ nṛpaḥ || 3.74 ||

The commander-in -chief should march slowly behind, associated with ministers and brave soldiers, encouraging now and then the fatigued warriors.

समेयाद् विषमं नागैर् जलाढ्यं समहीधरम् ।
समम् अश्वैर् जलं नीमिः सर्वत्रैव पदातिभिः ॥ ७५ ॥

sameyād viṣamaṃ nāgair jalāḍhyaṃ samahīdharam |
samam aśvair jalaṃ nīmiḥ sarvatraiva padātibhiḥ || 3.75 ||

Traverse swampy or mountainous terrain on elephants, level ground on horses, the water on boats, and everywhere, with foot-soldiers.

हस्तिनां गमनं प्रोक्तं प्रशस्तं जलदागमे ।
तद् अन्यत्र तुरङ्गाणां पत्तीनां सर्वदैव हि ॥ ७६ ॥

hastināṃ gamanaṃ proktaṃ praśastaṃ jaladāgame |
tad anyatra turaṅgāṇāṃ pattīnāṃ sarvadaiva hi || 3.76 ||

A march with elephants is ideal before the rainy season, horses at all other times, foot-soldiers at all seasons.

शैलेषु दुर्ग-मार्गेषु विधेयं नृप-रक्षणम् ।
स्व-योधै रक्षितस्यापि शयनं योग-निद्रया ॥ ७७ ॥

śaileṣu durga-mārgeṣu vidheyaṃ nṛpa-rakṣaṇam |
sva-yodhai rakṣitasyāpi śayanaṃ yoga-nidrayā || 3.77 ||

While travelling among mountains and difficult passes special care should be taken to protect the king; even though protected by his warriors his sleep should be that of a yogi.

नाशयेत् कर्षयेच् छत्रून् दुर्ग-कण्टक-मर्दनैः ।
पर-देश-प्रवेशे च कुर्याद् आटविकान् पुरः ॥ ७८ ॥

nāśayet karṣayec chatrūn durga-kaṇṭaka-mardanaiḥ |
para-deśa-praveśe ca kuryād āṭavikān puraḥ || 3.78 ||

One should destroy and drag the enemy over difficult passes; and at the time of entering the enemy territory he should place foresters in front.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-9( HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:578

न सा सभा यत्र न सन्ति वृद्धा

वृद्धा न ते ये न वदन्ति धर्मम् ।
धर्मः स नो यत्र न सत्यम् अस्ति

सत्यं न तद् यच् छलम् अभ्युपैति ॥ ६३ ॥

na sā sabhā yatra na santi vṛddhā

 vṛddhā na te ye na vadanti dharmam |
dharmaḥ sa no yatra na satyam asti

satyaṃ na tad yac chalam abhyupaiti || 3.63 ||

Gathering (sabha) is not a gathering if it has no elders.
Elders are not elders if they do not speak as per Dharma

(a sense of right and wrong)
Dharma is not Dharma if there is no truth.
Truth is not truth if it is accompanied by deceit / cunning.

दूतो म्लेच्छो ऽप्य् अवध्यः स्याद् राजा दूत-मुखो यतः ।
उद्यतेष्व् अपि शस्त्रेषु दूतो वदति नान्यथा ॥ ६४ ॥

dūto mleccho 'py avadhyaḥ syād rājā dūta-mukho yataḥ |
udyateṣv api śastreṣu dūto vadati nānyathā || 3.64 ||

An ambassador, even if he is a ‘milecha’ should not be killed; for the king speaks through an ambassador. Even though weapons are raised against him a messenger should not speak otherwise (than directed). 

स्वापकर्षं परोत्कर्षं दूतोक्तैर् मन्यते तु कः ।
सदैवावध्य-भावेन दूतः सर्वं हि जल्पति ॥ ६५ ॥

svāpakarṣaṃ parotkarṣaṃ dūtoktair manyate tu kaḥ |
sadaivāvadhya-bhāvena dūtaḥ sarvaṃ hi jalpati || 3.65 ||

Who infers his own inferiority or another’s superiority by the assertions of a messenger by his inviolable nature an ambassador always speaks the whole message.

असन्तुष्टा द्विजा नष्टाः सन्तुष्टाश् च महीभृतः ।
सलज्जा गणिका नष्टा निर्लज्जाश् च कुलाङ्गना ॥ ६६ ॥
asantuṣṭā dvijā naṣṭāḥ santuṣṭāś ca mahībhṛtaḥ |
salajjā gaṇikā naṣṭā nirlajjāś ca kulāṅganā || 3.66 ||
Discontented brahmanas, contented kings, shy harlots, and immodest housewives are ruined.

मित्रामात्य-सुहृद्-वर्गा यदा स्युर् दृढ-भक्तयः ।
शत्रूणां विपरीताश् च कर्तव्यो विग्रहस् तदा ॥ ६७ ॥

mitrāmātya-suhṛd-vargā yadā syur dṛḍha-bhaktayaḥ |
śatrūṇāṃ viparītāś ca kartavyo vigrahas tadā || 3.67 ||

When one’s friends, ministers and allies are all deeply attached and the opposite of the enemies, only then should war be declared.

भूमिर् मित्रं हिरण्यं च विग्रहस्य फलं त्रयम् ।
यदैतन् निश्चितं भावि कर्तव्यो विग्रहस् तदा ॥ ६८ ॥

bhūmir mitraṃ hiraṇyaṃ ca vigrahasya phalaṃ trayam |
yadaitan niścitaṃ bhāvi kartavyo vigrahas tadā || 3.68 ||

Territory, friend and riches – these are the triple fruit of war. When these are certain then war should be made.

विशन्ति सहसा मूढा येऽविचार्य द्विषद्-बलम् ।
खड्ग-धारा-परिष्वङ्गं लभन्ते ते सुनिश्चितम् ॥ ६९ ॥

viśanti sahasā mūḍhā ye'vicārya dviṣad-balam |
khaḍga-dhārā-pariṣvaṅgaṃ labhante te suniścitam || 3.69 ||

Fools who embark on war hastily without knowing about enemy’s strength, are sure to get the embrace of their sword.

किं मन्त्रेणाननुष्ठाने शास्त्रवित् पृथिवी-पतेः ।
न ह्य् औषध-परिज्ञानाद् व्याधेः शान्तिः क्वचिद् भवेत् ॥ ७० ॥
kiṃ mantreṇānanuṣṭhāne śāstravit pṛthivī-pateḥ |
na hy auṣadha-parijñānād vyādheḥ śāntiḥ kvacid bhavet || 3.70 ||
What use is an advice like the shasras to a king when not followed? There can be no cure for a disease from the mere knowledge of the medicine.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-8( HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:577

विस्तीर्णताति-वैषम्यं रस-धान्येध्म-सङ्ग्रहः ।
प्रवेशश् चाप-सारश् च सप्तैता दुर्ग-सम्पदः ॥ ५५ ॥

vistīrṇatāti-vaiṣamyaṃ rasa-dhānyedhma-saṅgrahaḥ |
praveśaś cāpa-sāraś ca saptaitā durga-sampadaḥ || 3.55 ||

Vastness, extreme difficulty of access, large storage of water, grains and fuel, with both means of ingress and egress- these seven are the important possessions of a fort.

यो यत्र कुशलः कार्ये तं तत्र विनियोजयेत् ।
कर्मस्व् अदृष्ट-कर्मा यः शास्त्रज्ञो ऽपि विमुह्यति ॥ ५६ ॥

yo yatra kuśalaḥ kārye taṃ tatra viniyojayet |
karmasv adṛṣṭa-karmā yaḥ śāstrajño 'pi vimuhyati || 3.56 ||

Only those who are experts in the work should be entrusted with the responsibility; those with out experience, even though experts in theory get bewildered in practical situations.

धान्यानां सङ्ग्रहो राजन्न् उत्तमः सर्व-सङ्ग्रहात् ।
निक्षिप्तं हि मुखे रत्नं न कुर्यात् प्राण-धारणम् ॥ ५७ ॥

dhānyānāṃ saṅgraho rājann uttamaḥ sarva-saṅgrahāt |
nikṣiptaṃ hi mukhe ratnaṃ na kuryāt prāṇa-dhāraṇam || 3.57 ||

Storing of grains is superior to storing of all other things; putting a  gem in to the mouth will not help in sustaining one’s life.

ख्यातः सर्व-रसानां हि लवणो रस उत्तमः ।
गृह्णीयात् तं विना तेन व्यञ्जनं गोमयायते ॥ ५८ ॥

khyātaḥ sarva-rasānāṃ hi lavaṇo rasa uttamaḥ |
gṛhṇīyāt taṃ vinā tena vyañjanaṃ gomayāyate || 3.58 ||

Of all the six different flavours salt is considered the best; condiments without it is like cow-dung.

आत्म-पक्षं परित्यज्य पर-पक्षेषु यो रतः ।
स परैर् हन्यते मूढो नील-वर्ण-शृगालवत् ॥ ५९ ॥

ātma-pakṣaṃ parityajya para-pakṣeṣu yo rataḥ |
sa parair hanyate mūḍho nīla-varṇa-śṛgālavat || 3.59 ||

One who abandoning his own side and joins the enemy camp, such a fool will be killed by his enemies like the blue-coloured jackal.

यः स्वभावो हि यस्यास्ति स नित्यं दुरतिक्रमः ।
श्वा यदि क्रियते राजा तत् किं नाश्नात्य् उपानहम् ॥ ६० ॥

yaḥ svabhāvo hi yasyāsti sa nityaṃ duratikramaḥ |
śvā yadi kriyate rājā tat kiṃ nāśnāty upānaham || 3.60 ||

Whatever the natural disposition of one, it is difficult to overcome by him ; If a dog were made a king will he not gnaw a shoe?

छिद्रं मर्म च वीर्यं च सर्वं वेत्ति निजो रिपुः ।
दहत्य् अन्तर्गतश् चैव शुष्कं वृक्षम् इवानलः ॥ ६१ ॥

chidraṃ marma ca vīryaṃ ca sarvaṃ vetti nijo ripuḥ |
dahaty antargataś caiva śuṣkaṃ vṛkṣam ivānalaḥ || 3.61 ||

An enemy of one’s own tribe knows every defect, weak points, bravery; and being inside he consumes like fire a dry tree.

உட்பகை அஞ்சித்தற் காக்க உலைவிடத்து
மட்பகையின் மாணத் தெறும்.- Thirukkural 883
Fear internal enmity and guard yourself; (if not) it will destroy (you) in an evil hour, as surely as the tool which cuts the potter's clay.

नन्दं जघान चाणक्यस् तीक्ष्ण-दूत-प्रयोगतः ।
तद् दूरान्तरितं दूतं पश्येद् वीर-समन्वितः ॥ ६२ ॥

nandaṃ jaghāna cāṇakyas tīkṣṇa-dūta-prayogataḥ |
tad dūrāntaritaṃ dūtaṃ paśyed vīra-samanvitaḥ || 3.62 ||

Chanakya killed Nanda through the agency of a sharp spy; therefore, a king should meet an emissary surrounded by wise men and brave men intervening.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH