VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-16(HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:585

न साहसैकान्त-रसानुवर्तिना

न चाप्य् उपायोपहतान्तरात्मना ।
विभूतयः शक्यम् अवाप्तुम् ऊर्जिता

नये च शौर्ये च वसन्ति सम्पदः ॥ ११८ ॥

na sāhasaikānta-rasānuvartinā

na cāpy upāyopahatāntarātmanā |
vibhūtayaḥ śakyam avāptum ūrjitā

naye ca śaurye ca vasanti sampadaḥ || 3.118 ||

Prosperity is not obtained by those who act purely based on courage, nor by those who are undecided about the course of action; success is achieved by those who combine both statesmanship and courage.

दुर्मन्त्रिणं कम् उपयान्ति न नीति-दोषाः
सन्तापयन्ति कम् अपथ्य-भुजं न रोगाः ।
कं श्रीर् न दर्पयति कं न निहन्ति मृत्युः
कं स्त्री-कृता न विषयाः परितापयन्ति ॥ ११९ ॥

durmantriṇaṃ kam upayānti na nīti-doṣāḥ

santāpayanti kam apathya-bhujaṃ na rogāḥ |
kaṃ śrīr na darpayati kaṃ na nihanti mṛtyuḥ

kaṃ strī-kṛtā na viṣayāḥ paritāpayanti || 3.119 ||

Which bad minister does not stand guilty of ill-advice? Whom does not afflict diseases who indulge in eating unwholesome food? Whom does wealth not render proud? Whom does death not strike down? To whom do not the amorous sport of women torment?

मुदं विषादः शरदं हिमागमस्

तमो विवस्वान् सुकृतं कृतघ्नता ।
प्रियोपपत्तिः शुचम् आपदं नयः

श्रियः समृद्धा अपि हन्ति दुर्नयः ॥ १२० ॥

mudaṃ viṣādaḥ śaradaṃ himāgamas

 tamo vivasvān sukṛtaṃ kṛtaghnatā |
priyopapattiḥ śucam āpadaṃ nayaḥ

 śriyaḥ samṛddhā api hanti durnayaḥ || 3.120 ||

Sadness destroys happiness, advent of winter, autumn; the sun, darkness; ingratitude, good deeds; manifestation of kindness, grief; right conduct, adversity; misbehaviour, prosperity, even though abundant.

यस्य नास्ति स्वयं प्रज्ञा शास्त्रं तस्य करोति किम् ।
लोचनाभ्यां विहीनस्य दर्पणः किं करिष्यति ॥ १२१ ॥

yasya nāsti svayaṃ prajñā śāstraṃ tasya karoti kim |
locanābhyāṃ vihīnasya darpaṇaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati || 3.121 ||

For the one who doesn't have his own intellectual insight, what can the scriptures do? What can a mirror do for one who is blind in the eyes?

देवतासु गुरौ गोषु राजसु ब्राह्मणेषु च ।
नियन्तव्यः सदा कोपो बाल-वृद्धातुरेषु च ॥ १२२ ॥

devatāsu gurau goṣu rājasu brāhmaṇeṣu ca |
niyantavyaḥ sadā kopo bāla-vṛddhātureṣu ca || 3.122 ||

When dealing with deities, one’s preceptor, cows, king, vedic scholars, children, and elderly people one should restrain his anger.

मन्त्रिणां भिन्न-सन्धाने भिषजां सांनिपातिके ।
कर्मणि व्यज्यते प्रज्ञा सुस्थे को वा न पण्डितः ॥ १२३ ॥

mantriṇāṃ bhinna-sandhāne bhiṣajāṃ sāṃnipātike |
karmaṇi vyajyate prajñā susthe ko vā na paṇḍitaḥ || 3.123 ||

The skill of ministers is known when re-uniting a broken alliance, physicians in curing complicated disease. When things go smoothly who is not a pundit?

आरम्भन्तेऽल्पम् एवाज्ञाः कामं व्यग्रा भवन्ति च ।
महारम्भाः कृत-धियस् तिष्ठन्ति च निराकुलाः ॥ १२४ ॥

ārambhante'lpam evājñāḥ kāmaṃ vyagrā bhavanti ca |
mahārambhāḥ kṛta-dhiyas tiṣṭhanti ca nirākulāḥ || 3.124 ||

Small-minded gets bewildered even when indulging in a small enterprise;  while men of firm minds undertake great things, and remain undisturbed.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-15(HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:584

Next three slokas must be read together:

दीर्घ-वर्त्म-परिश्रान्तं नद्य्-अद्रि-वन-सङ्कुलम् ।
घोराग्नि-भय-सन्त्रस्तं क्षुत्-पिपासार्दितं तथा ॥ ११० ॥

dīrgha-vartma-pariśrāntaṃ nady-adri-vana-saṅkulam |
ghorāgni-bhaya-santrastaṃ kṣut-pipāsārditaṃ tathā || 3.110 ||

प्रमत्तं भोजन-व्यग्रं व्याधि-दुर्भिक्ष-पीडितम् ।
असंस्थितम् अभूयिष्ठं वृष्टि-वात-समाकुलम् ॥ १११ ॥

pramattaṃ bhojana-vyagraṃ vyādhi-durbhikṣa-pīḍitam |
asaṃsthitam abhūyiṣṭhaṃ vṛṣṭi-vāta-samākulam || 3.111 ||

पङ्क-पांशु-जलाच्छन्नं सुव्यस्तं दस्यु-विद्रुतम् ।
एवम्भूतं महीपालः पर-सैन्यं विघातयेत् ॥ ११२ ॥

paṅka-pāṃśu-jalācchannaṃ suvyastaṃ dasyu-vidrutam |
evambhūtaṃ mahīpālaḥ para-sainyaṃ vighātayet || 3.112 ||

A king should destroy an enemy’s army when it is fatigued by long marches, impeded by rivers, mountains, and forests, terrified by the fear of wild fires, afflicted by hunger and thirst,- 3.110

Careless, engaged in eating, afflicted with sickness and famine, scattered, not numerous in numbers, distressed by rain and wind,- 3.111

In places Causing inconvenience by mud, dust or water, highly dispersed, or troubled by robbers. 3.112

अवस्कन्द-भयाद् राजा प्रजागर-कृत-श्रमम् ।
दिवा-सुप्तं सदा हन्यान् निद्रा-व्याकुल-सैनिकम् ॥ ११३ ॥

avaskanda-bhayād rājā prajāgara-kṛta-śramam |
divā-suptaṃ sadā hanyān nidrā-vyākula-sainikam || 3.113 ||

A king should carryout an assault on enemy’s army when they are sleeping during day time, overpowered by fatigue, awake through out night due to a fear of an attack,

न राज्यं प्राप्तम् इत्य् एव वर्तितव्यम् असाम्प्रतम् ।
श्रियं ह्य् अविनयो हन्ति जरा रूपम् इवोत्तमम् ॥ ११४ ॥

na rājyaṃ prāptam ity eva vartitavyam asāmpratam |
śriyaṃ hy avinayo hanti jarā rūpam ivottamam || 3.114 ||

A king should not act indiscreetly, thinking I have gained the kingdom; for insolence destroys wealth as old age destroys beauty.

दक्षः श्रियम् अधिगच्छति पथ्य् आशी कल्यतां सुखम् अरोगी ।
उद्युक्तो वियान्तं धर्मार्थ-यशांसि च विनीतः ॥ ११५ ॥

dakṣaḥ śriyam adhigacchati pathy āśī kalyatāṃ sukham arogī |
udyukto viyāntaṃ dharmārtha-yaśāṃsi ca vinītaḥ || 3.115 ||

The dexterous gains prosperity, one who follows wholesome diet gains health, the healthy obtains happiness; the persevering gets mastery over learning, the well-educated gets virtue, wealth and fame.

अविद्वान् अपि भू-पालो विद्या-वृद्धोपसेवया ।
परां श्रियम् अवाप्नोति जलासन्न-तरुर् यथा ॥ ११६ ॥

avidvān api bhū-pālo vidyā-vṛddhopasevayā |
parāṃ śriyam avāpnoti jalāsanna-tarur yathā || 3.116 ||

Even an uneducated king can obtain prosperity by associating himself and serving the learned elders; like the tree on the river bank.

पापं स्त्री मृगया द्यूतम् अर्थ-दूषणम् एव च ।
वाग्-दण्डयोश् च पारुष्यं व्यसनानि महीभुजाम् ॥ ११७ ॥

pāpaṃ strī mṛgayā dyūtam artha-dūṣaṇam eva ca |
vāg-daṇḍayoś ca pāruṣyaṃ vyasanāni mahībhujām || 3.117 ||

Drinking, excessive lust for women, gambling, misuse of wealth, use of harsh words and punishment, these are the vices in a king.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-14(HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:583

जायन्ते च म्रियन्ते च मद्-विधाः क्षुद्र-जन्तवः ।
अनेन सदृशो लोके न भूतो न भविष्यति ॥ १०३ ॥

jāyante ca mriyante ca mad-vidhāḥ kṣudra-jantavaḥ |
anena sadṛśo loke na bhūto na bhaviṣyati || 3.103 ||

Insignificant men like me are born and die; but men like Viravara have not been there nor there will be.

प्रियं ब्रूयाद् अकृपणः शूरः स्याद् अविकत्थनः ।
दाता नापात्र-वर्षी च प्रगल्भः स्याद् अनिष्ठुरः ॥ १०४ ॥
priyaṃ brūyād akṛpaṇaḥ śūraḥ syād avikatthanaḥ |
dātā nāpātra-varṣī ca pragalbhaḥ syād aniṣṭhuraḥ || 3.104 ||
The generous should speak kindly, the valiant should desist from boasting, the liberal should ensure his bounty is not for the unworthy, and the brave should not be harsh.

यो ऽकार्यं कार्यवच् छास्ति स किं मन्त्री नृपेच्छया ।
वरं स्वामि-मनो-दुःखं तन्-नाशो न त्व् अकार्यतः ॥ १०५ ॥
yo 'kāryaṃ kāryavac chāsti sa kiṃ mantrī nṛpecchayā |
varaṃ svāmi-mano-duḥkhaṃ tan-nāśo na tv akāryataḥ || 3.105 ||
Is he a minister who advises the king, just to please him, to do what ought not tobe done? It is better to wound his feelings rather than bring his destruction by advising him to do what should not be done.

वैद्यो गुरुश् च मन्त्री च यस्य राज्ञः प्रियंवदाः ।
शरीर-धर्म-कोशेभ्यः क्षिप्रं स परिहीयते ॥ १०६ ॥

vaidyo guruś ca mantrī ca yasya rājñaḥ priyaṃvadāḥ |
śarīra-dharma-kośebhyaḥ kṣipraṃ sa parihīyate || 3.106 ||

If the physician, spiritual guide, minister are flatterers of the king, soon he will lose his health, virtue and treasure.

पुण्याल् लब्धं यद् एकेन तन् ममापि भविष्यति ।
हत्वा भिक्षुं यतो मोहान् निध्य्-अर्थी नापितो हतः ॥ १०७ ॥

puṇyāl labdhaṃ yad ekena tan mamāpi bhaviṣyati |
hatvā bhikṣuṃ yato mohān nidhy-arthī nāpito hataḥ || 3.107 ||

“What has been obtained by merit by some one . that can be achieved by me too”. A barber, out of greed, coveting a treasure, lost his life for killing a mendicant.

पुरावृत्त-कथोद्गारैः कथं निर्णीयते परः ।
स्यान् निष्कारण-बन्धुर् वा किं वा विश्वास-घातकः ॥ १०८ ॥

purāvṛtta-kathodgāraiḥ kathaṃ nirṇīyate paraḥ |
syān niṣkāraṇa-bandhur vā kiṃ vā viśvāsa-ghātakaḥ || 3.108 ||

How can we judge a stranger, by narrating stories of the past, whether he is a friend or a traitor?

लुब्धः क्रूरो ऽलसो ऽसत्यः प्रमादी भीरुर् अस्थिरः ।
मूढो योधावमन्ता च सुख-च्छेद्यो रिपुः स्मृतः ॥ १०९ ॥

lubdhaḥ krūro 'laso 'satyaḥ pramādī bhīrur asthiraḥ |
mūḍho yodhāvamantā ca sukha-cchedyo ripuḥ smṛtaḥ || 3.109 ||

Greedy, cruel, lazy, untruthful, careless, cowardly, wavering, foolish, despiser of soldiers, can be easily destroyed.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-13(HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:582

दायादाद् अपरो यस्मान् नास्ति भेद-करो द्विषाम् ।
तस्माद् उत्थापयेद् यत्नाद् दायादं तस्य विद्विषः ॥ ९४ ॥

dāyādād aparo yasmān nāsti bheda-karo dviṣām |
tasmād utthāpayed yatnād dāyādaṃ tasya vidviṣaḥ || 3.94 ||

To win over a kinsman of the enemy is the best policy in creating a division among enemies; therefore, one should assiduously try to set-up a kinsman against the enemy.

सन्धाय युवराजेन यदि वा मुख्य-मन्त्रिणा ।
अन्तः-प्रकोपणं कुर्याद् अभियोक्ता स्थिरात्मनः ॥ ९५ ॥

sandhāya yuvarājena yadi vā mukhya-mantriṇā |
antaḥ-prakopaṇaṃ kuryād abhiyoktā sthirātmanaḥ || 3.95 ||

Having formed an alliance with either the heir-apparent or the prime minister one should create a split among the steady-minded enemy.

क्रूरामित्रं रणे चापि भङ्गं दत्त्वा विघातयेत् ।
अथवा गो-ग्रहाकृष्ट्या तन्-मुख्याश्रित-बन्धनात् ॥ ९६ ॥

krūrāmitraṃ raṇe cāpi bhaṅgaṃ dattvā vighātayet |
athavā go-grahākṛṣṭyā tan-mukhyāśrita-bandhanāt || 3.96 ||

He should then destroy his enemy’s ally in the battle field or by seizing his cattle and by capturing his main dependents.

स्वराज्यं वासयेद् राजा पर-देशापहरणात् ।
अथवा दान-मानाभ्यां वासितं धनदं हि तत् ॥ ९७ ॥

svarājyaṃ vāsayed rājā para-deśāpaharaṇāt |
athavā dāna-mānābhyāṃ vāsitaṃ dhanadaṃ hi tat || 3.97 ||

A king should populate his kingdom with people captured from other countries or brought by gifts and honour; such population helps in improving the wealth of the country.

आत्मोदयः पर-ग्लानिर् द्वयं नीतिर् इतीयती ।
तद् ऊरीकृत्य कृतिभिर् वाचस्पत्यं प्रतीयते ॥ ९८ ॥

ātmodayaḥ para-glānir dvayaṃ nītir itīyatī |
tad ūrīkṛtya kṛtibhir vācaspatyaṃ pratīyate || 3.98 ||

One’s own rise and the enemy’s fall, these two constitute the core of polity. Accepting this, exhortations must result in actions.  

अन्यद् उच्छृङ्खलं सत्त्वम् अन्यच् छास्त्र-नियन्त्रितम् ।
सामानाधिकरण्यं हि तेजस्-तिमिरयोः कुतः ॥ ९९ ॥

anyad ucchṛṅkhalaṃ sattvam anyac chāstra-niyantritam |
sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ hi tejas-timirayoḥ kutaḥ || 3.99 ||

It is one thing to have unbridled strength, and it is another to have power governed by scientific principles; can Light and darkness co-exist?

परो ऽपि हितवान् बन्धुर् बन्धुर् अप्य् अहितः परः ।
अहितो देहजो व्याधिर् हितम् आरण्यम् औषधम् ॥ १०० ॥

paro 'pi hitavān bandhur bandhur apy ahitaḥ paraḥ |
ahito dehajo vyādhir hitam āraṇyam auṣadham || 3.100 ||

A stranger who is kind to us is a kinsman, while an unkind kinsman is considered a stranger. The disease present in our body is unkind, while the medicinal plants that grows in the forest is kindly to us.

आसीद् वीर-वरो नाम शूद्रकस्य महीभृतः ।
सेवकः स्वल्प-कालेन स ददौ सुतम् आत्मनः ॥ १०१ ॥

āsīd vīra-varo nāma śūdrakasya mahībhṛtaḥ |
sevakaḥ svalpa-kālena sa dadau sutam ātmanaḥ || 3.101 ||

Once there was a king named Shudraka, who had a servant named Viravara. With in short time he was willing to sacrifice his son for the sake of the kingdom.

धनानि जीवितं चैव परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत् ।
तन्-निमित्तो वरं त्यागो विनाशे नियते सति ॥ १०२ ॥

dhanāni jīvitaṃ caiva parārthe prājña utsṛjet |
tan-nimitto varaṃ tyāgo vināśe niyate sati || 3.102 ||

A wise and wealthy person should always give away his wealth for saving the lives of needy people.  It is preferable to spend it for such noble cause, because ultimately all wealth is destined to be destroyed..

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH