VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-14(HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:583

जायन्ते च म्रियन्ते च मद्-विधाः क्षुद्र-जन्तवः ।
अनेन सदृशो लोके न भूतो न भविष्यति ॥ १०३ ॥

jāyante ca mriyante ca mad-vidhāḥ kṣudra-jantavaḥ |
anena sadṛśo loke na bhūto na bhaviṣyati || 3.103 ||

Insignificant men like me are born and die; but men like Viravara have not been there nor there will be.

प्रियं ब्रूयाद् अकृपणः शूरः स्याद् अविकत्थनः ।
दाता नापात्र-वर्षी च प्रगल्भः स्याद् अनिष्ठुरः ॥ १०४ ॥
priyaṃ brūyād akṛpaṇaḥ śūraḥ syād avikatthanaḥ |
dātā nāpātra-varṣī ca pragalbhaḥ syād aniṣṭhuraḥ || 3.104 ||
The generous should speak kindly, the valiant should desist from boasting, the liberal should ensure his bounty is not for the unworthy, and the brave should not be harsh.

यो ऽकार्यं कार्यवच् छास्ति स किं मन्त्री नृपेच्छया ।
वरं स्वामि-मनो-दुःखं तन्-नाशो न त्व् अकार्यतः ॥ १०५ ॥
yo 'kāryaṃ kāryavac chāsti sa kiṃ mantrī nṛpecchayā |
varaṃ svāmi-mano-duḥkhaṃ tan-nāśo na tv akāryataḥ || 3.105 ||
Is he a minister who advises the king, just to please him, to do what ought not tobe done? It is better to wound his feelings rather than bring his destruction by advising him to do what should not be done.

वैद्यो गुरुश् च मन्त्री च यस्य राज्ञः प्रियंवदाः ।
शरीर-धर्म-कोशेभ्यः क्षिप्रं स परिहीयते ॥ १०६ ॥

vaidyo guruś ca mantrī ca yasya rājñaḥ priyaṃvadāḥ |
śarīra-dharma-kośebhyaḥ kṣipraṃ sa parihīyate || 3.106 ||

If the physician, spiritual guide, minister are flatterers of the king, soon he will lose his health, virtue and treasure.

पुण्याल् लब्धं यद् एकेन तन् ममापि भविष्यति ।
हत्वा भिक्षुं यतो मोहान् निध्य्-अर्थी नापितो हतः ॥ १०७ ॥

puṇyāl labdhaṃ yad ekena tan mamāpi bhaviṣyati |
hatvā bhikṣuṃ yato mohān nidhy-arthī nāpito hataḥ || 3.107 ||

“What has been obtained by merit by some one . that can be achieved by me too”. A barber, out of greed, coveting a treasure, lost his life for killing a mendicant.

पुरावृत्त-कथोद्गारैः कथं निर्णीयते परः ।
स्यान् निष्कारण-बन्धुर् वा किं वा विश्वास-घातकः ॥ १०८ ॥

purāvṛtta-kathodgāraiḥ kathaṃ nirṇīyate paraḥ |
syān niṣkāraṇa-bandhur vā kiṃ vā viśvāsa-ghātakaḥ || 3.108 ||

How can we judge a stranger, by narrating stories of the past, whether he is a friend or a traitor?

लुब्धः क्रूरो ऽलसो ऽसत्यः प्रमादी भीरुर् अस्थिरः ।
मूढो योधावमन्ता च सुख-च्छेद्यो रिपुः स्मृतः ॥ १०९ ॥

lubdhaḥ krūro 'laso 'satyaḥ pramādī bhīrur asthiraḥ |
mūḍho yodhāvamantā ca sukha-cchedyo ripuḥ smṛtaḥ || 3.109 ||

Greedy, cruel, lazy, untruthful, careless, cowardly, wavering, foolish, despiser of soldiers, can be easily destroyed.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-13(HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:582

दायादाद् अपरो यस्मान् नास्ति भेद-करो द्विषाम् ।
तस्माद् उत्थापयेद् यत्नाद् दायादं तस्य विद्विषः ॥ ९४ ॥

dāyādād aparo yasmān nāsti bheda-karo dviṣām |
tasmād utthāpayed yatnād dāyādaṃ tasya vidviṣaḥ || 3.94 ||

To win over a kinsman of the enemy is the best policy in creating a division among enemies; therefore, one should assiduously try to set-up a kinsman against the enemy.

सन्धाय युवराजेन यदि वा मुख्य-मन्त्रिणा ।
अन्तः-प्रकोपणं कुर्याद् अभियोक्ता स्थिरात्मनः ॥ ९५ ॥

sandhāya yuvarājena yadi vā mukhya-mantriṇā |
antaḥ-prakopaṇaṃ kuryād abhiyoktā sthirātmanaḥ || 3.95 ||

Having formed an alliance with either the heir-apparent or the prime minister one should create a split among the steady-minded enemy.

क्रूरामित्रं रणे चापि भङ्गं दत्त्वा विघातयेत् ।
अथवा गो-ग्रहाकृष्ट्या तन्-मुख्याश्रित-बन्धनात् ॥ ९६ ॥

krūrāmitraṃ raṇe cāpi bhaṅgaṃ dattvā vighātayet |
athavā go-grahākṛṣṭyā tan-mukhyāśrita-bandhanāt || 3.96 ||

He should then destroy his enemy’s ally in the battle field or by seizing his cattle and by capturing his main dependents.

स्वराज्यं वासयेद् राजा पर-देशापहरणात् ।
अथवा दान-मानाभ्यां वासितं धनदं हि तत् ॥ ९७ ॥

svarājyaṃ vāsayed rājā para-deśāpaharaṇāt |
athavā dāna-mānābhyāṃ vāsitaṃ dhanadaṃ hi tat || 3.97 ||

A king should populate his kingdom with people captured from other countries or brought by gifts and honour; such population helps in improving the wealth of the country.

आत्मोदयः पर-ग्लानिर् द्वयं नीतिर् इतीयती ।
तद् ऊरीकृत्य कृतिभिर् वाचस्पत्यं प्रतीयते ॥ ९८ ॥

ātmodayaḥ para-glānir dvayaṃ nītir itīyatī |
tad ūrīkṛtya kṛtibhir vācaspatyaṃ pratīyate || 3.98 ||

One’s own rise and the enemy’s fall, these two constitute the core of polity. Accepting this, exhortations must result in actions.  

अन्यद् उच्छृङ्खलं सत्त्वम् अन्यच् छास्त्र-नियन्त्रितम् ।
सामानाधिकरण्यं हि तेजस्-तिमिरयोः कुतः ॥ ९९ ॥

anyad ucchṛṅkhalaṃ sattvam anyac chāstra-niyantritam |
sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ hi tejas-timirayoḥ kutaḥ || 3.99 ||

It is one thing to have unbridled strength, and it is another to have power governed by scientific principles; can Light and darkness co-exist?

परो ऽपि हितवान् बन्धुर् बन्धुर् अप्य् अहितः परः ।
अहितो देहजो व्याधिर् हितम् आरण्यम् औषधम् ॥ १०० ॥

paro 'pi hitavān bandhur bandhur apy ahitaḥ paraḥ |
ahito dehajo vyādhir hitam āraṇyam auṣadham || 3.100 ||

A stranger who is kind to us is a kinsman, while an unkind kinsman is considered a stranger. The disease present in our body is unkind, while the medicinal plants that grows in the forest is kindly to us.

आसीद् वीर-वरो नाम शूद्रकस्य महीभृतः ।
सेवकः स्वल्प-कालेन स ददौ सुतम् आत्मनः ॥ १०१ ॥

āsīd vīra-varo nāma śūdrakasya mahībhṛtaḥ |
sevakaḥ svalpa-kālena sa dadau sutam ātmanaḥ || 3.101 ||

Once there was a king named Shudraka, who had a servant named Viravara. With in short time he was willing to sacrifice his son for the sake of the kingdom.

धनानि जीवितं चैव परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत् ।
तन्-निमित्तो वरं त्यागो विनाशे नियते सति ॥ १०२ ॥

dhanāni jīvitaṃ caiva parārthe prājña utsṛjet |
tan-nimitto varaṃ tyāgo vināśe niyate sati || 3.102 ||

A wise and wealthy person should always give away his wealth for saving the lives of needy people.  It is preferable to spend it for such noble cause, because ultimately all wealth is destined to be destroyed..

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-12(HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:581

बलम् अश्वश् च सैन्यानां प्राकारो जङ्गमो यतः ।
तस्माद् अश्वाधिको राजा विजयी स्थल-विग्रहे ॥ ८६ ॥
balam aśvaś ca sainyānāṃ prākāro jaṅgamo yataḥ |
tasmād aśvādhiko rājā vijayī sthala-vigrahe || 3.86 ||
For the army cavalry is the strength inasmuch it forms a moving rampart; therefore a king superior in cavalry is victorious in a land-fight.

युध्यमाना हयारूढा देवानाम् अपि दुर्जयाः ।
अपि दूरस्थितास् तेषां वैरिणो हस्तवत्तिनः ॥ ८७ ॥

yudhyamānā hayārūḍhā devānām api durjayāḥ |
api dūrasthitās teṣāṃ vairiṇo hastavattinaḥ || 3.87 ||

Those fighting mounted on a horse even the gods cannot conquer; the enemies even though dwelling far away are with in their reach.

प्रथमं युद्ध-कारित्वं समस्त-बल-पालनम् ।
दिङ्-मार्गाणां विशोधित्वं पत्ति-कर्म प्रचक्षते ॥ ८८ ॥

prathamaṃ yuddha-kāritvaṃ samasta-bala-pālanam |
diṅ-mārgāṇāṃ viśodhitvaṃ patti-karma pracakṣate || 3.88 ||

Preserving the entire army in battle-readiness is the primary means of carrying on with the war; it is the responsibility of the infantry to keep the roads properly cleared.

स्वभाव-शूरम् अस्त्रज्ञम् अविरक्तं जित-श्रमम् ।
प्रसिद्ध-क्षत्रिय-प्रायं बलं श्रेष्ठतमं विदुः ॥ ८९ ॥

svabhāva-śūram astrajñam aviraktaṃ jita-śramam |
prasiddha-kṣatriya-prāyaṃ balaṃ śreṣṭhatamaṃ viduḥ || 3.89 ||

Naturally brave, skilled in arms, loyal, one who has conquered fatigue, consisting mainly of kshatriyas,- this people say is an excellent army.

यथा प्रभु-कृतान् मानाद् युध्यन्ते भुवि मानवाः ।
न तथा बहुभिर् दत्तैर् द्रविणैर् अपि भूपते ॥ ९० ॥

yathā prabhu-kṛtān mānād yudhyante bhuvi mānavāḥ |
na tathā bahubhir dattair draviṇair api bhūpate || 3.90 ||

People fight more  for the honour bestowed on them by the chief and not as much for the largesse given by the king.

वरम् अल्प-बलं सारं न कुर्यान् मुण्ड-मण्डलीम् ।
कुर्याद् असार-भङ्गो हि सार-भङ्गम् अपि स्फुटम् ॥ ९१ ॥

varam alpa-balaṃ sāraṃ na kuryān muṇḍa-maṇḍalīm |
kuryād asāra-bhaṅgo hi sāra-bhaṅgam api sphuṭam || 3.91 ||

It is better to have a small army of chosen men rather than multitude of heads; if the weaklings are defeated it will eventually lead to that of the strong.

अप्रसादो ऽनधिष्ठानं देयांश-हरणं च यत् ।
काल-यापो ऽप्रतीकारस् तद् वैराग्यस्य कारणम् ॥ ९२ ॥

aprasādo 'nadhiṣṭhānaṃ deyāṃśa-haraṇaṃ ca yat |
kāla-yāpo 'pratīkāras tad vairāgyasya kāraṇam || 3.92

Withholding of favour, absence of leadership, appropriating other’s due, procrastination , non-requital these are the causes for disenchantment among the troops.

अपीडयन् बलं शत्रूञ् जिगीषुर् अभिषेणयेत् ।
सुख-साध्यं द्विषां सैन्यं दीर्घ-प्रयाण-पीडितम् ॥ ९३ ॥

apīḍayan balaṃ śatrūñ jigīṣur abhiṣeṇayet |
sukha-sādhyaṃ dviṣāṃ sainyaṃ dīrgha-prayāṇa-pīḍitam || 3.93 ||

One desirous of victory should march against the enemy without causing fatigue to his men; a tired army can easily be overthrown by the enemy.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

VIGRAHAH- विग्रह:- WAR-11(HITOPADESA)

 SUBHASHITHANI:580

यत्र राजा तत्र कोशो विना कोशं न राजता ।
सुभटेभ्यस् ततो दद्यात् को हि दातुर् न युध्यते ॥ ७९ ॥

yatra rājā tatra kośo vinā kośaṃ na rājatā |
subhaṭebhyas tato dadyāt ko hi dātur na yudhyate || 3.79 ||

Where ever the king is the treasury should be with him; there is no royalty without treasure. He should be liberal in paying his soldiers. Who does not fight for the generous?

न नरस्य नरो दासो दासस् त्व् अर्थस्य भूपते ।
गौरवं लाघवं वापि धनाधन-निबन्धनम् ॥ ८० ॥
na narasya naro dāso dāsas tv arthasya bhūpate |
gauravaṃ lāghavaṃ vāpi dhanādhana-nibandhanam || 3.80 ||
Man is not the slave of man but of wealth, o! king; prestige and lack of respect is associated with wealth and poverty.

अभेदेन च युध्येत रक्षेच् चैव परस्परम् ।
फल्गु सैन्यं च यत् किंचिन् मध्ये व्यूहस्य कारयेत् ॥ ८१ ॥
abhedena ca yudhyeta rakṣec caiva parasparam |
phalgu sainyaṃ ca yat kiṃcin madhye vyūhasya kārayet || 3.81 ||
Without breaking the ranks the army should fight, protecting each other; the weaker ranks should be placed at the middle of the ranks.

पदातींश् च महीपालः पुरो ऽनीकस्य योजयेत् ।
उपरुध्यारिम् आसीत राष्ट्रं चास्योपपीडयेत् ॥ ८२ ॥

padātīṃś ca mahīpālaḥ puro 'nīkasya yojayet |
uparudhyārim āsīta rāṣṭraṃ cāsyopapīḍayet || 3.82 ||

A king should place his infantry in the front of the marching column; having blockaded the enemy he should harass his country.

स्यन्दनाश्वैः समे युध्येद् अनूपे नौ-द्विपैस् तथा ।
वृक्ष-गुल्मावृते चापैर् असि-चर्मायुधैः स्थले ॥ ८३ ॥

syandanāśvaiḥ same yudhyed anūpe nau-dvipais tathā |
vṛkṣa-gulmāvṛte cāpair asi-carmāyudhaiḥ sthale || 3.83 ||

Upon level ground he should fight with chariots and horses; in places overflowing with water with boats and elephants; in a place covered with trees and shrubs, and with bows; on open field with swords, shields and other weapons.

दूषयेच् चास्य सततं यवसान् नोदकेन्धनम् ।
भिन्द्याच् चैव तडागानि प्रकारारान् परिखास् तथा ॥ ८४ ॥

dūṣayec cāsya satataṃ yavasān nodakendhanam |
bhindyāc caiva taḍāgāni prakārārān parikhās tathā || 3.84 ||

He should always spoil his enemy’s fodder, food, water and fuel; he should also demolish his tanks, ramparts and trenches.

बलेषु प्रमुखो हस्ती न तथान्यो महीपतेः ।
निजैर् अवयवैर् एव मातङ्गो ऽष्टायुधः स्मृतः ॥ ८५ ॥

baleṣu pramukho hastī na tathānyo mahīpateḥ |
nijair avayavair eva mātaṅgo 'ṣṭāyudhaḥ smṛtaḥ || 3.85 ||

Elephant forms the main part in a king’s army; there is no equal to it; for the elephant is said to have eight weapons in his very limbs.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH