GREESHMA-ग्रीष्म- SUMMER, HOT SEASON

 SUBHASHITHANI:498

अर्थेन तु विहीनस्य पुरुषस्याल्पमेधसः ।
क्रियाः सर्वा विनश्यन्ति ग्रीष्मे कुसरितो यथा ॥Hitopadesa
Arthena tu viheenasya purushasya alpamedhasah I
Kriyaah sarvaa vinasyanti greeshme kusarita yathaa II
Of a person who has no money and a little intellect, all his actions get destroyed like a small river in summer.

अनृशंस्यमनुक्रोशः श्रुतं शीलं दमश्शमः।
राघवं शोभयन्त्येते षड्गुणाः पुरुषोत्तमम्।।2.33.12।।Ramayana
तस्मात्तस्योपघातेन प्रजाः परमपीडिताः।
औदकानीव सत्त्वानि ग्रीष्मे सलिलसङ्क्षयात्।।2.33.13।।Ramayana
Harmlessness, compassion, learning, good conduct, restraint of senses and self-control, all these six qualities adorn Rama, the greatest among men.
Therefore, people are deeply pained to see Rama afflicted. They look like aquatic creatures in summer when the water dries up.

अहो रात्राणि गच्छन्ति सर्वेषां प्राणिनामिह I

आयूंषि क्षपयन्त्याषु ग्रीष्मे जलमिवाम्शवः  IIRamayana-2.105.20
AhoRaatrani gachchanti sarvesham praninaamiha I
Aayumshi kshapayanyaashu greeshme jala mivaamshavah II
Cycle of days and nights reduces the life-span of all the living beings in the same manner water gets evaporated from water bodies in summer.

कदा नु खलु मे भ्राता महोत्सव इवाऽगतः।
जनयिष्यत्ययोध्यायां हर्षं ग्रीष्म इवाम्बुदः।।2.114.29।।Ramayana
Kadaa nu khalu me bhraataa mahotsava iva aagatah I

Janayishyati Ayodyaayaam harsham greeshma Ivaambudah II
When will my brother return to Ayodhya like a carnival and cause delight to every one like summer clouds?

काचिद् वृद्धा नवतिशरदां दीर्गमायु: दधाना
क्रोडे तस्या: प्रियतमशिशुं स्थापयामास धात्री।
ग्रीष्मे वृष्टिं जलद इव सा बाष्पपूरं मुमोच
जात, प्राणांस्तव खलु कृते धारयामित्युवाच !

(Home they Brought her Warrior Dead- by Tennyson) 
Rose a nurse of ninety years,
Set his child upon her knee—
Like summer tempest came her tears—
‘Sweet my child, I live for thee.’ – Tennyson

अच्छाच्छचन्दनरसार्द्रतरा मृगाक्ष्यो
धारागृहाणि कुसुमानि च कौम्​​उदी च ।
मन्दो मरुत्सुमनसः शुचि हर्म्यपृष्ठं
ग्रीष्मे मदं च मदनं च विवर्धयन्ति ॥ 2.87 ॥Sringara satakam
achchachchanandararasardratara mrigaksho
dharagrihani kusumani cha kaunudi cha .
mando marutsumanasah suchi harmyaprishtam
greshme madam cha madanam ca vivardayanti ॥ 2.87 ॥
Even in hot summer, men can get comfortable, strong, and willing to receive Cupid. The poet describes the facilitators:
1. 'Deer-eyed' Damsels whose bodies are applied with sandalwood paste.
2. Homes fitted with water fountains and showers.
3. Flowers.
4. Moonlight.
5. Slow weaving breeze.
6. Clean terrace of the house.
(madam = hyperactivity because of strength and potence. madanam = Cupid's affectations.)

ग्रीष्मे पञ्चतपा वीरो वर्षास्वासारषाण्मुनि: ।
आकण्ठमग्न: शिशिरे उदके स्थण्डिलेशय: ॥ ६ ॥SB- 4.23.6
grīṣme pañca-tapā vīro varṣāsv āsāraṣāṇ muniḥ
ākaṇṭha-magnaḥ śiśire udake sthaṇḍile-śayaḥ
Following the principles of forest living and the footsteps of the great sages and munis, Pṛuthu Mahārāja accepted five kinds of heating processes during the summer season, exposed himself to torrents of rain in the rainy season and, in the winter, stood in water up to his neck. He also used to simply lie down on the floor to sleep.

ग्रीष्मे तप्येत पञ्चाग्नीन् वर्षास्वासारषाड्‍जले ।
आकण्ठमग्न: शिशिर एवंवृत्तस्तपश्चरेत् ॥ ४ ॥SB-11.18.4
grīṣme tapyeta pañcāgnīn varṣāsv āsāra-ṣāḍ jale
ākaṇtha-magnaḥ śiśira evaṁ vṛttas tapaś caret
Thus, engaged as a vānaprastha, one should execute penance during the hottest summer days by subjecting oneself to burning fires on four sides and the blazing sun overhead; during the rainy season one should remain outside, subjecting oneself to torrents of rain; and in the freezing winter one should remain submerged in water up to one’s neck.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

MANDHAH-मन्दः -SLOW, DULL, IGNORANT

 SUBHASHITHANI:497

मन्दः कवियशः प्रार्थी
गमिष्याम्युपहास्यताम् |
प्रांशुलभ्ये फले लोभाद्-
उद्बाहुरिव वामनः ||Raghu vamsah

mandaḥ kaviyaśaḥ prārthī

gamiṣyāmyapahāsyatām।
prāṃśulabhye phale lobhād

udbāhuriva vāmanaḥ॥ Kalidasa
Me, the dullard, who is yearning for poetic fame will be made fun of just like a short man jumping to reach for a fruit hanging high up.

मन्दोऽप्यमन्दतामेति संसर्गेण विपश्चितः।
पङ्कच्छिदः फलस्येव निकषेणाविलं पयः॥ मालविकाग्निमित्रम्
mando'pyamantāmeti saṁsargeṇa vipaścitaḥ |
paṅkacchidaḥ phalasyeva nikaṣeṇāvilaṁ payaḥ ||Malavikagni mitra
Even a dull person becomes sharp by keeping company with the wise, just like the turbid water which becomes clear when treated with the dust-removing fruit. 

तत्त्वं यथार्थमाकर्ण्य मन्दः प्राप्नोति मूढतां।
अथवा याति संकोचम- मूढः कोऽपि मूढवत्॥१८- ३२॥
An ignorant man is bewildered when he hears the real truth, while even a clever man is humbled by it just like the fool.॥18.32॥Astavakra gita

भ्रूचातुर्याकुञ्चिताक्षाः कटाक्षाः
स्निग्धा वाचो लज्जिताश्चैव हासाः ॥
लीलामन्दं प्रस्थितं च स्थितं च
स्त्रीणामेतद् भूषणं चायुधं च ॥ ३॥Sringara satakam.

Bhruu caaturyaat kuncitaaha kat`aakshaaha,
Snigdhaa vacoo lajjitaantaascha haasaaha,I
Liilaa mandam prasthitam ca sthitam ca,
Striin`aam eetat bhuushan`am ca, aayudham ca. II

The poet calls the women’s gestures both as ornaments and weapons. He lists out the gestures: 1. Slightly bending the brows and looking from the edges of the eyes. 2. Friendly and affectionate talk. 3. Hesitant and modest smiles. 4. Slow elegant movement.

चिन्तयामि हरिमेव सन्ततं
मन्दहासमुदिताननाम्बुजं I
नन्दगोपतनयं परात् परं
नारदादिमुनिवृन्दवन्दितम् ॥ ८॥Mukunda mala

Chintayami Harimeva santatam
Manda manda hasitaananambujam I
Nanda gopa tanayam parat param
Naradaadi muni brunda vandiam II

Kulasekhara States That He Meditates Always On Hari, The Destroyer of All of Our Sins. That Hari Worshipped By Celebrated Saints Like Narada has  a Radiant Smile Like A Blossoming Lotus. He is The Supreme Most Among the Gods and That Hari is None Other Than Sri Krishna, Who Came Down to This World as The Son of Nandagopa of Gokulam. 

श्रेयश्च प्रेयश्च मनुष्यमेतः

तौ सम्परीत्य विविनक्ति धीरः ।

श्रेयो हि धीरोऽभि प्रेयसो वृणीते

प्रेयो मन्दो योगक्षेमाद्वृणीते ॥ २॥ (Katha. Upan. 1.2.2)

śreyaśca preyaśca manuṣyametaḥ

tau samparītya vivinakti dhīraḥ ।

śreyo hi dhīro'bhi preyaso vr̥ṇīte

preyo mando yogakṣemādvr̥ṇīte ॥ 2॥ (Katha. Upan. 1.2.2)

Both wellness and pleasure are approachable to mankind; the wise man examines and distinguishes them. The wise man prefers Shreya (wellness) but men of poor intellect accept Preya (pleasures) for the sake of protection of the body.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

GANDHAM-गन्धं-FRAGRANCE

 SUBHASHITHANI:496

गन्धेन हीनं सुमनं न शोभते
दन्तैर्विहीनं वदनं न भाति ।
सत्येन हीनं वचनं न दीप्यते  
पुन्येन हीन: पुरुषो जघन्य:
Gandhena heenam sumanam na shobhate
 dantair viheenam vadanam na bhaati I
Satyena heenam vachanam na deepyate
punyena heenah purusho jaganyah II
Without  sweet smell flowers lose their merit; without the teeth the face loses its beauty; without truth speech loses its splendour; without punya man is doomed.

तिलमध्ये यथा तैलं क्षीरमध्ये यथा घृतम्‌॥
पुष्पमध्ये यथा गन्धः फलमध्ये यथा रसः।
काष्ठाग्निवत्प्रकाशेत आकाशे वायुवच्चरेत्‌॥UTTARA GITA
Thila madhye yatha tailam kshira madhye yatha ghrutam II
Pushpa madhye yatha gandhah phala madhye yatha rasah I
Kashtagnivatprakaasheta aakaashe vayuvat charet II
As oil is found in sesamum(thilam), Ghee in milk, fragrance in the flower, juice llin fruits, fire in wood, wind in space (one has to see the atman in the body).

गन्धेन गावः पश्यन्ति वेदैः पश्यन्ति ब्राह्मणाः ।
चारैः पश्यन्ति राजानश्चक्षुर्भ्यामितरे जनाः ॥ 32॥vidura niti

Gandhena gaavah pasyanti vedaih pasyanti brahmanaah I

Chaaraih pasyanti rajaanah chakshubhyaam itare janaah II

Cows see (understand the things) by smell. Brahmins see by (their knowledge of) Vedas. Kings see through their spies, common people see with their eyes. 

नापितस्य गृहे क्षौरं पाषाणे गन्धलेपनम् ।
आत्मरूपं जले पश्यन् शक्रस्यापि श्रियं हरेत् ।।Chanakya niti
Getting a haircut done by going to a barber's house, applying sandalwood paste to a stone, seeing one’s reflection in water, will reduce the grace for even Indra, the king of Devas.

रूपयौवनसम्पन्ना विशालकुलसम्भवाः।
विद्याहीना न शोभन्ते निर्गन्धाः किंशुका यथा॥

rūpayauvanasampannā viśālakulasambhavāḥ।
vidyāhīnā na śobhante nirgandhāḥ kiṃśukā yathā॥

Though one be endowed with beauty and youth and born in noble families, yet without education they are like the Palasa flower which is void of sweet fragrance.

व्यालाश्रितोपि विफलोSपि सकण्टकोSपि
वक्रोSपि  पङ्क्जनितोSपि  दुरासदोSपि   |
गन्धेन बन्धुरसि केतक पुष्पजनेन
ह्येको गुणः खलु निहन्ति समस्त दोषान् ||
Vyaalaashritopi viphalopi sakantakopi.
Vkropi pankajanitopi duraaadopi.
Gandhen bandhurasi ketak pushpajanena.
Heko gunahh khalu nihanti samast doshaan.

O ketaki flower! Serpents live in your midst, you bear no edible fruits, your leaves are covered with thorns, you are crooked in growth, you thrive in mud, and you are not easily accessible. Still for your exceptional fragrance you are as dear as a kinsmen to others. Hence, a single excellence overcomes a multitude of blemishes.

 राजा पश्यति कर्णाभ्यां धिया पश्यन्ति पण्डिताः।
पशुः पश्यति गन्धेन भूते पश्यन्ति बर्बराः॥

rājā paśyati karṇābhyāṁ dhiyā paśyanti paṇḍitāḥ |
paśuḥ paśyati gandhena bhūte paśyanti barbarāḥ ||
The ruler perceives by his ears, the learned by their intellect;
An animal perceives by scent and fools by the past.

लतासु पुष्पाणि वनेषु वृक्षान् फ़लानि वृक्षेषु फ़लेषु सारम्।
पुष्पेषु रूपं गन्धं च शोभनम् ससर्ज क्षेमाय नृणाम् विधाता॥
The Creator has just been graceful and kind to humanity that He created flowers on creepers and trees in jungles, fruits on trees, juices in fruits, beauty in flowers and also fragrance in flowers. 

कुसुमं वर्ण संपन्नं गन्धहीनं न शोभते ।
न शोभते क्रियाहीनं मधुरं वचनं तथा ॥
A colourful flower without sweet fragrance is not attractive; similarly mere sweet talk without action does not befit a person.

SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH

RASAM-रसं- SAP, ESSENCE

SUBHASHITHANI:495

कविः करोति काव्यानि रसं जानाति पण्डितः ।
तरुः सृजति पुष्पाणि मरुद्वहति सौरभम् ॥11॥
Kavih karoti kaavyaani rasam jaanaati pantitah I
Taruh srujati pushpaani marut vahati saurabham II
Poems are created by poets but their beauty is enjoyed by the wise men; the tree brings forth flowers but it is the wind that carries the fragrance.

आदानस्य प्रदानस्य कर्तव्यस्य च कर्मणः ।
क्षिप्रमक्रियमाणस्य कालः पिबति तद्रसम् ॥
ādānasya pradānasya kartavyasya ca karmaṇaḥ ।
kṣipramakriyamāṇasya kālaḥ pibati tadrasam ॥
In executing deeds like receiving, giving and performing responsibilities; if not executed at the appropriate-time, the essence of the action will be lost.

पीत्वा रसं तु कटुकं मधुरं
समानं माधुर्यमेव जनयेन्मधुमक्षिकासौ ।
सन्तस्तथैव समसज्जनदुर्जनानां 
श्रुत्वा वचः मधुरसुक्तरसं सृजन्ति ॥ १९१
Peetva rasam tu katukam madhuram
samanam madhuryameva janayenmadhumakshikasau ।
Santastathaiva samasajjanadurjananam
shrutva vachah madhurasuktarasam srujanti ॥
Imbibing both bitter and sweet equally, bees will generate only the sweet(honey). Similarly, saints will listen equally to sayings of good and bad people but talk only about sweet sayings.

येन पश्यति तच चक्षुः शृणॊति शरॊत्रम उच्यते
 जिघ्रति घराणम इत्य आहू रसं जानाति जिह्वय: I Mahabharatham
 yena paśyati tac cakṣuḥ śṛṇoti śrotram ucyate I
 jighrati ghrāṇam ity āhū rasaṃ jānāti jihvayā II
The eyes are through which we see; we hear through the ears; we smell through our nose; and taste is known through the tongue.

घ्राणेन गन्धं रसनेन वै रसं
रूपं च द‍ृष्टय‍ा श्वसनं त्वचैव ।
श्रोत्रेण चोपेत्य नभोगुणत्वं
प्राणेन चाकूतिमुपैति योगी ॥ २९ ॥ŚB 2.2.29
ghrāṇena gandhaṁ rasanena vai rasaṁ
rūpaṁ ca dṛṣṭyā śvasanaṁ tvacaiva
śrotreṇa copetya nabho-guṇatvaṁ
prāṇena cākūtim upaiti yogī
The devotee thus surpasses the subtle objects of different senses like aroma by smelling, the palate by tasting, vision by seeing forms, touch by contacting, the vibrations of the ear by ethereal identification, and the sense organs by material activities.

वनस्पतेरपक्वानि फलानि प्रचिनोति यः ।
स नाप्नोति रसं तेभ्यो बीजं चास्य विनश्यति  II विदुरनीति
vanaspaterapakvāni phalāni pracinoti yaḥ ।
sa nāpnoti rasaṃ tebhyo bījaṃ cāsya vinaśyati ॥ viduranīti
He who plucks the unripe fruit from the fruit trees, he not only doesn't acquire their juices but spoils its seed as well. 

द्राक्षा म्लान मुखी जाता शर्करा चाश्नताम् गता I
सुभाषित रसं दृष्टवा  सुधा भीता दिवंगता  II
Drakshaa mlaan mukhi jaata sharkara chaashnataam jataa.
Subhashita rasam drushtwaa sudhaa bheetaa divamgataa.
By seeing the 'Rasa' of a Subhashitham , grapes felt ashamed and sugar crystals turned into stone chips, and Amrita (the nectar that makes its users immortal) became so much afraid that it departed to Heaven.

विना गो-रसं को रसो भोजनानां
विना गो-रसं को रसो भूपतिनाम् |
विना गो-रसं को रसो कामिनीनां
 विना गो-रसं को रसो पण्डितानाम् ||

Without dairy products what is the taste of food ?
Without territory what is the importance of a king?
Without senses what is the benefit of beautiful damsels?
Without sweet words what is the essence of wisdom?
( Note in each sentence the word गो is used in different meaning )

विषया विनिवर्तन्ते निराहारस्य देहिनः।
रसवर्जं रसोऽप्यस्य परं दृष्ट्वा निवर्तते ॥BG2.59॥
viṣayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ
rasavarjaṃ raso’pyasya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate
Aspirants may restrain the senses from their objects of enjoyment, but the taste for the sense objects remains. However, even this taste ceases for those who realizes the Supreme. 
SRI KRISHNAYA THUBHYAM NAMAH